OCT. 1, 2015Christopher Harper-Mercer, 26, killed nine people at Umpqua Community College in Oregon, where he was a student. He was armed with six guns, including a Glock pistol, a Smith & Wesson pistol, a Taurus pistol and a Del-Ton assault rifle, according to The Associated Press.
2008
Mr. Harper-Mercer was in the Army for one month, but was discharged before completing basic training.2009
He graduated from the Switzer Learning Center in Torrance, Calif., which teaches students with learning disabilities and emotional issues.BEFORE SHOOTING
In all, Mr. Harper-Mercer owned 14 firearms, all of which were bought legally through a federally licensed firearms dealer, a federal official said Friday. Some were bought by Mr. Harper-Mercer, and some by members of his family.OCT. 1, 2015
He killed nine people in Roseburg, Ore.
AUG. 26, 2015
Vester Lee Flanagan II, 41, shot and killed a Roanoke, Va., television reporter and a cameraman with a Glock handgun while they were reporting a story live.
2000
Mr. Flanagan filed a lawsuit alleging he was the victim of racial slurs and bullying while working at a TV station in Tallahassee, Fla., that had fired him for “misbehavior with regards to co-workers.” The case was settled out of court.2012
He was hired at WDBJ in Roanoke, but within months his bosses had documented problems with his harsh language and aggressive behavior. He was later fired and filed another harassment lawsuit.JUNE 2015
Federal officials said Mr. Flanagan bought the gun legally from a licensed dealer. He had not been convicted of a crime or determined to be mentally ill.AUG. 26, 2015
Mr. Flanagan killed the reporter and cameraman, injured a woman who was being interviewed and died after shooting himself.
JULY 23, 2015
Using a .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol bought from a pawnshop, John R. Houser killed two people and wounded nine others at a movie theater in Lafayette, La.
2006
Mr. Houser was denied a state-issued concealed weapons permit because he was accused of domestic violence and soliciting arson.2008
A judge ordered him sent to a psychiatric hospital.2014
Mr. Houser bought the weapon in Alabama. Officials said it had been purchased legally, though he had been denied a concealed weapons permit earlier, and despite concerns among family members that he was violent and mentally ill.JULY 23, 2015
He killed two people in Lafayette.
JUNE 17, 2015
Dylann Roof, 21, killed nine people with a .45-caliber Glock pistol at a historically black church in Charleston, S.C.
FEBRUARY 2015
Mr. Roof was charged with a misdemeanor for possessing Suboxone, a prescription drug frequently sold in illegal street transactions.APRIL 2015
He purchased a gun from a store in West Columbia, S.C. Mr. Roof should have been barred from buying a gun because he had admitted to possessing drugs, but the F.B.I. examiner conducting the required background check failed to obtain the police report from the February incident.JUNE 17, 2015
Mr. Roof joined a Bible study group at Emanuel A.M.E. Church and opened fire with the gun he bought in April.
OCT. 24, 2014
Jaylen Ray Fryberg, 15, used his father’s Beretta pistol to shoot and kill four students in his high school’s cafeteria.
2002
Raymond Lee Fryberg Jr., Jaylen’s father, was the subject of a permanent domestic violence protection order, which should have been entered into the federal criminal background database.2013
Mr. Fryberg applied to buy the Beretta from a gun shop on the Indian reservation where he lived with Jaylen. A background check failed to come up with the protection order because it was never entered into the system.OCT. 24, 2014
Jaylen Fryberg texted five of his fellow students to come to the cafeteria, where he opened fire.
APRIL 2, 2014
Specialist Ivan Antonio Lopez opened fire at Fort Hood with a Smith & Wesson semiautomatic pistol, killing three people and wounding 16 others.
2011
Specialist Lopez came back from a four-month deployment to Iraq and told his superiors that he had suffered a traumatic head injury there. Military officials said he had never seen combat and was being evaluated for possible post-traumatic stress disorder.MARCH 2014
Specialist Lopez had seen a military psychiatrist as recently as the month before the shooting. He was being treated for depression and anxiety, and had been prescribed Ambien to help him sleep.MARCH 1, 2014
Mr. Lopez bought his gun at the same shop where Nidal Malik Hasan, an Army major, had bought at least one of the weapons used in a 2009 mass shooting on the base that killed 13 people.APRIL 2, 2014
Around 4 p.m., Mr. Lopez started firing on soldiers.
SEPT. 16, 2013
Aaron Alexis, 34, used a Remington shotgun to kill 12 people at the Washington Navy Yard.
2011
Mr. Alexis was given an honorable discharge after showing what Navy officials called a “pattern of misbehavior” during four years as a reservist.A MONTH BEFORE THE SHOOTING
He twice sought treatment from the Department of Veterans Affairs for psychiatric issues. He told police in Rhode Island that people were pursuing him and sending vibrations through the walls of his hotel.SEPTEMBER 2013
He was stopped from buying an assault rifle at a Virginia gun store, but was allowed to buy a shotgun. He passed local and state background checks.SEPT. 16, 2013
He killed 12 people at the Navy Yard.
DEC. 14, 2012
Adam Lanza, 20, shot and killed his mother in their home, then killed 26 people, mostly children, at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., using a Bushmaster XM-15 rifle and a .22-caliber Savage Mark II rifle.
2009
Mr. Lanza graduated from high school. Some classmates said he had been bullied in high school. He struggled with a developmental disorder and was described as acutely shy, not known to have close friends.AFTER HIGH SCHOOL
He was “completely untreated in the years before the shooting” for psychiatric and physical ailments like anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder, a state report found.BEFORE THE SHOOTING
His mother, Nancy Lanza, a gun enthusiast, legally obtained and registered a large collection of weapons and would often take her sons to shooting ranges.DEC. 14, 2012
Mr. Lanza used his mother’s guns to kill her and 26 others.
AUG. 5, 2012
Wade M. Page, 40, killed six people with a Springfield Armory semiautomatic handgun when he opened fire in the lobby of a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wis., as congregants arrived for Sunday services.
1994
While in the Army at Fort Bliss in El Paso, Tex., Mr. Page was charged with criminal mischief after kicking holes in the wall of a bar. He pleaded guilty.EARLY 2000S
He came to the attention of authorities because of his affiliation with a white-power band called End Apathy, which performed songs with violent lyrics.JULY 2012
He bought the firearm legally at a gun shop outside Milwaukee. He passed a background check and paid $650 in cash.AUG. 5, 2012
He killed six people and wounded three others at the temple.
JULY 20, 2012
James E. Holmes, 24, killed 12 people and wounded 70 at a theater in Aurora, Colo., using a Smith & Wesson semiautomatic rifle, a Remington shotgun and a Glock .40-caliber semiautomatic pistol.
MARCH 2012
Over four months, Mr. Holmes legally bought more than 3,000 rounds of ammunition for handguns, 3,000 rounds for a semiautomatic rifle and 350 shells for a 12-gauge shotgun, all over the Internet.MAY 2012
He was seeing a psychiatrist and in the process of withdrawing from a graduate program at the University of Colorado Denver’s Anschutz Medical Campus.MAY 2012
In the 60 days before the shooting, he bought four guns legally at local gun shops. Seeing a psychiatrist, even for a serious mental illness, would not disqualify him from buying a gun.JULY 20, 2012
He opened fire in the theater, killing 12 people.
APRIL 2, 2012
One L. Goh, 43, opened fire with a semiautomatic handgun at a small religious college in Oakland, Calif., where he had been a student. He killed seven people.
BEFORE SHOOTING
“He was a loner and what some might call a loser, but he didn't exhibit any behaviors that would have alerted anyone,” a district attorney told reporters after the shooting, according to CNN.EARLY 2012
Mr. Goh legally bought the handgun at a gun store in Castro Valley, Calif., passing a federal background check.APRIL 2, 2012
He killed seven people at Oikos University in Oakland.JANUARY 2013
A judge ruled he was not fit for trial after two psychiatric evaluations concluded that he had paranoid schizophrenia.
JAN. 8, 2011
Jared L. Loughner, 22, killed six people with a Glock handgun in a supermarket parking lot in Tucson, Ariz., at an event for Gabrielle Giffords, who was a Democratic representative from Arizona.
2007
Mr. Loughner was arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia, but the charges were dropped. The next year, he failed a drug test when trying to enlist in the Army. Neither incident barred him from buying a gun.OCTOBER 2010
He was forced to withdraw from community college because of campus officials’ fears about the safety of the staff and students, his parents later said. The incident would not have shown up on a background check.NOV. 30, 2010
He passed a background check and bought the handgun at at a store in Tucson, Ariz.JAN. 8, 2011
He killed six people in Tucson.
NOV. 5, 2009
Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan, 39, an Army psychiatrist facing deployment to Afghanistan, opened fire inside a medical processing building at Fort Hood in central Texas, killing 13 people and wounding 43 others. He was armed with an FN Herstal pistol.
DECEMBER 2008-JUNE 2009
Intelligence agencies intercepted 10 to 20 messages between Mr. Hasan and Anwar al-Awlaki, a radical cleric in Yemen known for his incendiary anti-American teachings.JUNE 2009
Federal authorities dropped an inquiry about the messages after deciding that they did not suggest any threat of violence.JULY 31, 2009
Mr. Hasan bought the pistol legally at a popular weapons store in Killeen, Tex., paying more than $1,100.NOV. 5, 2009
He shot and killed 13 people at Ford Hood.
APRIL 3, 2009
Jiverly Wong, 41, fired at least 98 shots from two handguns, a Beretta 92 FS 9-millimeter pistol and a Beretta PX4 Storm pistol, inside a civic association in Binghamton, N.Y., where he had taken an English class. He killed 13 former classmates and association employees.
BEFORE THE SHOOTING
Mr. Wong had been arrested, cited or had some minor contact with the police at least five times since 1990, but details about the cases remain unclear. At the time of the shootings, he was not a subject in any investigation, nor did he have a documented mental health issue.MARCH 2008
Mr. Wong bought the first gun, the Beretta 92, at a store in Johnson City, N.Y. He passed a background check.MARCH 2009
Mr. Wong bought the second gun from the same store, but his background check was not approved immediately. He received the gun under a federal rule that allows a gun to be sold if the background check system does not return a decision in three business days.APRIL 3, 2009
He killed 13 people in Binghamton.
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